First passage in an interval for fractional Brownian motion

Kay Jörg Wiese
CNRS-Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.

Abstract

Be $X_t$ a random process starting at $x \in [0,1]$ with absorbing boundary conditions at both ends of the interval. Be $P_1(x)$ the probability to first exit at the upper boundary. For Brownian motion, $P_1(x)=x$, equivalent to $P_1'(x)=1$. For fractional Brownian motion with Hurst exponent $H$, we establish that $P_1'(x) = {\cal N} [x(1-x)]^{\frac1H -2} e^{\epsilon {\cal F}(x)+ {\cal O}(\epsilon^2)}$, where $\epsilon=H-\frac12$. The function ${\cal F}(x)$ is analytic, and well approximated by its Taylor expansion, ${\cal F}(x)\simeq 16 (C-1) (x-1/2)^2 +{\cal O}(x-1/2)^4$, where $C= 0.915...$ is the Catalan-constant. A similar result holds for moments of the exit time starting at $x$. We then consider the span of $X_t$, i.e. the size of the (compact) domain it visited up to time $t$. For Brownian motion, we derive an analytic expression for the probability that the span reaches 1 for the first time, then generalized to fBm. Using large-scale numerical simulations with system sizes up to $N=2^{24}$ and a broad range of $H$, we confirm our analytic results. There are important finite-size corrections which we quantify. They are most severe for small $H$, necessitating to go to the large systems mentioned above.

arXiv:1807.08807 [pdf]
Phys. Rev. E 99 (2019) 032106 [pdf]