Avalanche dynamics of elastic interfaces
Pierre Le Doussal, Kay Jörg Wiese
CNRS-Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de
l'Ecole Normale Supérieure,
24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
Abstract
Slowly driven elastic interfaces, such as domain walls in dirty magnets, contact lines wetting a non-homogenous substrate, or cracks in brittle disordered material proceed via intermittent motion, called avalanches. Here we develop a field-theoretic treatment to calculate, from first principles,
the space-time statistics of instantaneous velocities within an avalanche. For elastic interfaces at (or above) their (internal) upper critical dimension d ≥ duc
(duc = 2, 4 respectively for long-ranged and short-ranged elasticity) we show that the field theory for the center of mass reduces to the motion
of a point particle in a random-force landscape, which is itself a random walk (ABBM model). Furthermore, the full spatial dependence of the
velocity correlations is described by the Brownian-force model (BFM) where each point of the interface sees an independent Brownian-force landscape. Both ABBM and BFM can be solved exactly in any dimension d (for monotonous driving) by summing tree graphs,
equivalent to solving a (non-linear) instanton equation. We focus on the limit of slow uniform driving.
This tree approximation is the mean-field theory (MFT) for
realistic interfaces in short-ranged disorder, up to the renormalization of two parameters at d = duc. We calculate
a number of observables of direct experimental interest: Both for the center of mass, and
for a given Fourier mode q, we obtain various correlations and probability distribution functions (PDF's) of the velocity inside an avalanche, as well as the avalanche shape
and its fluctuations (second shape).
Within MFT we find that velocity correlations at non-zero q are asymmetric under time reversal. Next we calculate, beyond MFT, i.e. including loop corrections,
the 1-time PDF of the center-of-mass velocity du/dt for dimension d < duc.
The singularity at small velocity P(du/dt) ~ (du/dt)-a is substantially reduced from a = 1 (MFT)
to a = 1 - 2/9 (4-d) + ... (short-ranged elasticity) and a = 1 - 4/9 (2-d) + ... (long-ranged elasticity). We show how
the dynamical theory recovers the avalanche-size distribution, and how the instanton relates to the response to an infinitesimal step in the force.
arXiv:1302.4316 [pdf]
Phys. Rev. E 88 (2013) 022106 [pdf]
Copyright (C) by Kay Wiese. Last edited August 5, 2013.